The report estimated that around 160 people die every day from the disease, with the vast majority of these occurring in Asia, which accounts for 60% of deaths, and Africa (36%).
The report authors said more should be done to vaccinate dogs, particularly in low-income countries.
Vaccines for bite victims should also be more affordable and more widely available in these areas.
Rabies is a fatal viral infection which is almost 100% preventable.
The infection can infect all mammals, but domestic dogs cause more than 99% of all human deaths from rabies, the report said.